History of Computer Graphics

The field of computer graphics has been developed together with the development of digital computer. In 1959, MIT's Lincoln Labs TX-2 computer gave birth to the field of interactive computer graphics. In mid-1960 major companies such as TRW, Lockheed, General Electric and Sperry Rand, had already begun research and development of computer graphics. IBM graphics terminal 2250 was the first commercially available computer graphics. In 1969, the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM) launched a Special Interest Group on Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH) to promote the generation and dissemination of information on computer graphics and interactive techniques. SIGGRAPH interests include simulation and modeling, computer-generated art, digital analysis of movement, text editing and composition, mapping and cartography, computer-aided design, computer graphics and software and hardware. During the 1970's, personal computers became more powerful, and were able to draw more complex shapes and designs. In the late 1980's, 3D computer graphics, such as 3D models, made possible by SGI computers and graphical user interfaces (GUI). GUI presented data (incoming and outgoing) and information with symbols, icons and images instead of text. The SGI computers were used to create some of the first completely computer-generated short films at Pixar. Today, Apple Macintosh system remains one of the most popular choices of computer graphics in graphic design studios and companies. In 1990? S, 3D image became versions of major advances in computer graphics and film industry is stimulated graphics applications. VGA and SVGA standards were introduced and since then, personal computers could easily display quality images and photographic films. Since then, the graphics have become more realistic, because computers more advanced 3D techniques, and better modeling software and 3D applications. With the growing popularity of games, multimedia and animation, 3D graphics have become more popular. In 1996, one of the first fully 3D games, Quake was released. In 1995, Toy Story, the first long-term computer-generated animation film, was released. In 2001, the powerful graphics hardware from Nvidia GeForce series was released. In 2003, ID Software graphics engine was released in Doom3 game. Computer Graphics are widely used today. From graphics for presentations and virtual reality worlds of entertainment, computer graphics have a powerful impact on our daily lives. Fig.1 3D model of a city
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